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Drawing No. EH–MT–020 // Engineering Materials

PVC Properties

Reviewed August 2026

PVC-U pressure-pipe material is used as the PVC reference. It is stiff for a thermoplastic, has low thermal conductivity and a thermal expansion coefficient far above metals.

Unplasticized PVC (PVC-U) · pressure-pipe materialAmorphous thermoplasticReference data — verify design allowables

Representative properties

Switch units without changing the underlying material reference.

Density
1,420–1,480 kg/m³
Representative reference value / range
Young’s modulus
3–3.3 GPa
Representative reference value / range
Poisson ratio
0.4
Representative reference value / range
Yield strength
compound / test dependent
Representative reference value / range
Tensile strength
52 MPa
Representative reference value / range
Thermal conductivity
0.16 W/(m·K)
Representative reference value / range
Specific heat
1,000 J/(kg·K)
Representative reference value / range
Thermal expansion
70 µm/(m·K)
Representative reference value / range
Melting / transition temperature
No true Tm · Vicat 80–84°C
Representative reference value / range
Why this basis matters: PVC can be rigid or plasticized, and polymer mechanical properties depend strongly on formulation, temperature, loading rate and duration. A single yield value is therefore intentionally not presented as universal.

What changes these properties?

Engineering variability

  • Elastic modulus and tensile strength decrease as temperature rises and under long-duration loading.
  • PVC-U pipe design is commonly based on long-term pressure/stress performance rather than one short-term yield number.
  • PVC is amorphous and does not have a sharp crystalline melting point; Vicat softening is more useful for engineering reference.
  • Additives and formulation change density, impact behavior and thermal properties.

Selection note

Common in water, drainage, conduit and chemical-service applications where corrosion resistance and low cost dominate; temperature, creep, impact and compatibility need explicit checking.

Do not combine strength from one grade/condition with modulus, thermal data or temperature limits from another without checking compatibility. Where the overview shows a range, it is intended to expose variability—not establish allowable bounds.

Property interpretation

Stiffness vs strength

Young’s modulus controls elastic deformation. Yield or fracture strength controls how far the material can be stressed. These are separate material characteristics.

Thermal response

Thermal conductivity controls temperature gradients, specific heat contributes to thermal inertia, and expansion controls thermally induced strain when movement is restrained.

Temperature transition

The final property card is deliberately labeled “melting / transition.” Metals often have a solidus–liquidus range; amorphous polymers and glass use softening or glass-transition concepts; concrete and wood decompose instead of exhibiting one clean melt point.

Technical sources

Source hierarchy favors manufacturers, industry associations, standards bodies and government engineering references. Strength data must still be reconciled with the exact procurement specification.

Related materials

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